,112 The oncogene rat sarcoma (Ras), via expressing activated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (K-ras), engages pathways such as MAPK and PI3K, contributing to brain tumor cell generation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.113, 114, 115 Moreover, K-ras can stimulate the growth of retinoblastoma gene (RB) gene-deficient astrocytes, facilitating the onset of GBM.114. Here, KRAS is linked to glioblastoma.