,14,17,18 Interestingly, knockdown (KD) of BPTF in breast cancer cells leads to a reduction in heparanase (HPSE) expression, thereby compromising HPSE’s ability to cleave heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which serve as NCR ligands on the surface of tumor cells.12 This evidence concerns the gene HPSE and breast cancer.