A post-mortem examination of 20 brains of patients with PSG-proven RBD, isolated or who evolved to PD or DLB before death, showed that all had a postmortem synucleinopathy but all also had abundant synuclein deposits in the astrocytes, and exhibited co-pathologies [192], including Alzheimer’s disease pathology (i.e. amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles), ageing-related tau astrogliopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, argyrophilic grain disease, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, and early changes indicative of progressive supranuclear palsy). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is synucleinopathy.