PTEN and melanoma: In this study, we used a genetically engineered mouse model of human malignant melanoma based on the findings of Dankort et al., who in 2009 demonstrated that the BRafV600E mutation, combined with the loss of the tumor suppressor gene Pten, leads to the development of a highly aggressive form of nodular-like melanoma in mice, characterized by 100% penetrance, short latency and metastases in lymph nodes and lungs [43].