IL-23 promotes the conversion of intestinal non-pathogenic TH17 cells into pathogenic CXCR6 + TH17 cells in EAE [35, 36] and observed that GM-CSF produced by pathogenic T cells in MS and EAE promotes differentiation of Ly6Chi monocytes into inflammatory macrophages in presence of IFN-γ [32], and stimulate disease-promoting astrocyte subsets differentiation [33]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and myeloid sarcoma.