LTA and diarrheal disease: Importantly, though regional strain differences in toxin expression are evident in cross country comparisons, these data confirm older studies [4, 11–14] to once again define the importance of vaccine-driven anti-LT antibodies, even when generated by parenteral injection, as a major mechanism of protection against diarrheal disease from the two-thirds of ETEC strains that express LT or both LT and ST[4, 7–10].