CD8A and breast carcinoma: Lactate stimulates the production of antitumor cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL-2, and TNFα, in T cells and boosts the proliferative and cytotoxic capabilities of CD8 + T cells.315 Furthermore, administering sodium lactate intraperitoneally (2 g/kg) results in reduced subcutaneous tumor growth of breast cancer, cutaneous melanoma, LLC and colon adenocarcinoma, with the effect being dependent on T cells.315 Besides, it is reported that lactate hinders the differentiation and promotes stemness of T cells, thus enhancing anti-tumor immunity.