As a result, the combination of PD-L1 blockade and TRAF3 overexpression significantly reduced the tumor burden and prolonged the survival of CT-2A GBM tumor–bearing mice (23 days for PD-L1 mAb mice vs. 40 days for PD-L1 mAb + oeTRAF3 mice) (Figure 8, H–J). This evidence concerns the gene TRAF3 and glioblastoma.