Agents that indirectly stimulate mitochondrial function and FAO, such as PGC1α overexpression (35), the AMPK agonist AICAR, PPARα agonist drugs, and a compound called C75 that is believed to activate a critical FAO enzyme known as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT1), have all been associated with protection against AKI (36–38). The gene discussed is CPT1C; the disease is acute kidney injury.