INS and Alzheimer disease: Intriguingly, Paladugu et al. (Paladugu et al. 2021) showed that the intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide significantly mitigated neuroinflammatory responses in mice exhibiting both sporadic AD induced by the administration of streptozotocin (an insulin-cell toxin) into the lateral ventricles, as well as in 5xFAD mouse model exhibiting the Aβ pathology that represents familial form of AD, resulting in notable cognitive improvement.