NES and acute myeloid leukemia: In myelodys-plastic syndrome with high AML risk, malignant cells preferentially translate transcripts with short 5′ UTRs and high GC content through the binding of eIF4A to polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABPC1), leading to mRNA circularization, closedloop formation, and translation.38 We found high PABPC1 expression in BMSCs cocultured with chemotherapy-treated AML, while eIF4A1 increases in coculture-derived EVs (and decreases in the secretome of AML BM after nestin+ cell depletion).