Interestingly, IL‐4R and IL‐10R immunopositivity was higher compared with IL‐4 immunopositivity in both NP/AF and CEP regions, similar to previously reported IL‐1 and IL‐1R expression patterns on human non‐degenerated and degenerated NP and inner AF samples [34]. This evidence concerns the gene IL10RA and atrial fibrillation.