The latest Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines emphasize the importance of glycemic control, recommending insulin therapy initiation when blood glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL, with a target range of 144-180 mg/dL to balance optimal glucose management while minimizing hypoglycemia risk. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hypoglycemia.