To determine the effects of miR-4259 on LDHA protein expression and gemcitabine resistance, we overexpressed miR-4259 in PANC-/GEM cells and found that the LDHA expression (Fig. 2D, left), LDH activity, lactate production (Supplementary Fig. 7B), tumor initiating capacity (Supplementary Table 3) and gemcitabine resistance (Fig. 2D, right; Supplementary Fig. 7D, E,F) were repressed by miR-4259. Here, LDHA is linked to neoplasm.