APOL1 and chronic kidney disease: A significant component of this difference has been attributed to G1 and G2 variants in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) [2, 3], which confer an increased risk for a spectrum of non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases (CKD) such as hypertension-related kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy, and progression of lupus nephritis, currently collectively referred to as APOL1-mediated kidney disease (AMKD) [4, 5].