Although TNFRSF14/TNFSF14 expression does not show consistently or significantly change in atherosclerosis, in vitro studies reveal high levels of TNFRSF14 expression in activated monocytes, macrophages, and THP-1 cells (a monocyte cell line) when induced by proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases [206]. Here, TNFRSF14 is linked to atherosclerosis.