In women with diabetes mellitus, effective control of hyperglycemia may activate the estrogen receptor α pathway, which is known to mediate the antiproliferative effects on vascular endothelial cells (32), protect endothelial cells from ROS, inhibit their activity, and impede their pro-inflammatory effects, thereby attenuating the atherosclerotic process (33). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Hyperglycemia.