NOX1 and neoplasm: NOX1/4 inhibitors target NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, enzymes involved in generating reactive oxygen species, which play critical roles in processes like oxidative stress reduction, fibrosis, tumor growth, and inflammation.86 Recent findings presented at ESMO 2024 highlighted the therapeutic potential of setanaxib, a NOX1/4 inhibitor, when combined with pembrolizumab, showing promising results in improving response rates in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.87