These cells are commonly referred to as double-negative (DN) 2 B cells (11) and have been identified in contexts of infection (26) and autoimmune diseases (27), where they are often termed atypical memory B cells or age-associated B cells (ABCs), as characterized by the expression of the T-box transcription factor (T-bet) (28, 29). This evidence concerns the gene TBXT and autoimmune disease.