IL1B and Myocardial fibrosis: In the pathological progression of chronic HF, Celastrol improves cardiac electrophysiological stability, upregulates Cx43 and ion channel expression, and reduces myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, ultimately reducing susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (16).