Mechanistically, GRK2 promotes the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and induces oxidative stress (OS) by downregulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby exacerbating isoproterenol (ISO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy (102). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.