Existing studies have predominantly focused on the associations between biochemical indicators and single diseases, such as the relationship between chronic kidney disease and blood biochemical indicators (21), chronic kidney disease and lipid parameters (22), and depression and biochemical indicators (23) Research on multimorbidity and biochemical indicators has explored markers including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (24) and glycated Hb (25). Here, GSTM1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.