Elevated serum prolactin levels were observed in 77.4% of patients (n=60) with oesophageal varices, 88.2% (n=30) with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 93.7% (n=39) with hepatic encephalopathy, 75.5% (n=53) with moderate to severe ascites, and 82.8% (n=3) with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The gene discussed is PRL; the disease is esophageal varices.