In our previous work, we observed elevated ACVR1 expression in gastric cancer, correlating with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.28 It is widely acknowledged that H. pylori plays a crucial role in promoting the development of gastric cancer.6,34 For a more in-depth exploration into the interplay between ACVR1 and H. pylori infection, AGS cells were infected with H. pylori strain PMSS1 at varying time points and multiplicities of infection (MOI). The gene discussed is ACVR1; the disease is infection.