AXL and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In ovarian cancer, AXL has been identified as a key mediator of resistance to cisplatin.162 Similarly, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells from patients who developed chemotherapy resistance exhibit significantly elevated AXL expression.108 Additionally, AXL has been implicated in mediating resistance to cetuximab in NSCLC and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC),163 highlighting its role across various treatment modalities.164–166