PDGFRB and urinary bladder carcinoma: In mesenchymal ovarian cancer cells, GAS6-activated AXL forms clusters with RTKs like c-MET, HER2, and EGFR, driving motility through ERK activation and the transcription factors FRA1 and Slug.184 Similarly, the co-expression of AXL and PDGFR has been linked to increased invasiveness and metastasis in thyroid, esophagus, and bladder carcinomas.201–203