ATR and ovarian carcinoma: For instance, simultaneous treatment with AXL and ATR inhibitors induces replication fork collapse and double-strand breaks (DSBs), as indicated by increased levels of phospho-RPA32 and γH2Ax proteins, ultimately leading to mitotic catastrophe.172 In ovarian cancer cells, combining chemotherapy with a GAS6/AXL inhibitor (AVB-500) enhances γH2AX and 53BP1 foci formation, suppresses RAD51 foci, and impedes replication fork progression compared to chemotherapy alone, thereby impairing homologous recombination repair (HRR).