CDCA3 and colon adenocarcinoma: This is because CDCA genes exhibited heightened resistance to these particular drugs in COAD patients, as depicted in Fig. 9B. The correlation analysis conducted on CDCA2, CDCA3, CDCA4, CDCA5, CDCA7, and CDCA8 genes with 14 key functional states of COAD patients revealed significant correlations (p-value < 0.05) between the expression levels of these genes and the modulation of crucial functional states, including “Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Differentiation, Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Metastasis” (Fig. 9C).