While excessive alcohol consumption can impair insulin secretion in individuals with a higher BMI, similar to that observed in individuals with a lower BMI, individuals with a higher BMI may also experience a protective effect of low to moderate alcohol consumption on insulin resistance because of their typically high baseline insulin resistance.24 The varying effects of alcohol consumption on both insulin resistance and insulin secretion may have contributed to the observed association between alcohol consumption and the risk of T2D in individuals with a higher BMI. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.