FGF23 and chronic kidney disease: Activation of glycolysis is observed in cardiac remodeling, including in advanced CKD when LVH is already established.48–50 To determine if glycolysis is directly stimulated by the early increase in FGF23 or increases indirectly in response to cellular hypertrophy, we treated NRVMs with FGF23 for 1 hour, before cellular hypertrophy was present (Supplementary Figure S3C).