TNF and neoplasm: Correspondingly, WR scores (but not PTA values) were significantly lower in VS patients with TNF-α high secretion capacity (TNF-α High versus TNF-α Low: 36.79 ± 38.57%, 95% CI: 22.12–51.47; versus 54.43 ± 36.92%, 95% CI: 45.35–63.51, P < 0.05), suggesting the association of poor hearing with increased production of TNF-α by tumor tissue (Fig. 5C and D).