Furthermore, through a combination of in vitro studies involving auditory cell lines, and an in vivo anatomically accurate mouse model of VS, we identified and validated TNF-α and TWEAK as effector molecules that synergistically contribute to VS-induced hearing loss These insights pave the way for future research and potential therapeutic interventions targeting the TNF-α/TWEAK axis to prevent or rescue VS-induced hearing loss. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF12 and hearing loss disorder.