Subsequently, in the subcutaneous tumor xenografts of nude mice, we examined the expression of H3K18la and HDACs following DCA and Rotenone treatment, indicating that H3K18la levels were significantly elevated in the ROT group compared to the control and DCA groups, but HDAC2 expression was lowest in the ROT group, while no statistically significant differences were observed for HDAC1 and HDAC3 across all treatment groups (Fig. 2C, D). Here, HDAC1 is linked to neoplasm.