In vivo models, the subcutaneous tumor of the PPARD-OE group was bigger than that in the PPARD knock-out group and API-2 group compared to the control group (Fig. 5D–F), as well as that the liver metastatic tumor in the PPARD-OE group was bigger than the other groups with MCF-7 cells (Fig. 5G–J). Here, PPARD is linked to metastatic neoplasm.