NFKB1 and gastroenteritis: Studies in splenocyteshad previously shown immune stimulatory effects of GMP through signaltransduction pathways involving the MAPK and NF-κB,, while anti-inflammatory effects in in vivo modelsof intestinal inflammation have been described.−, , These effects are far from incompatible, since abasal immune stimulation is needed to maintain the intestinal immunebarrier, and in fact GMP does not haveproinflammatory effects in vivo.