Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the enrichment of pathways such as positive regulation of MAP kinase activity (Figure 4D), regulation of endothelial cell proliferation (Figure 4E), and regulation of angiogenesis (Figure 4F) in EDN3+ meningeal fibroblasts, which are known to be activated in both SWS and other vascular malformations.[12, 32]. The gene discussed is EDN3; the disease is vascular malformation.