For example, in both ccRCC (Ochocki et al, 2018) and HCC (Missiaen et al, 2022; Mossmann et al, 2023) that express low levels of ASS1, the cancer cells concomitantly repress arginases (ARG1/2) and polyamine synthesis enzyme agmatinase (AGMAT) to maintain a high intracellular arginine concentration after assimilating arginine from the extracellular environment. This evidence concerns the gene ASS1 and cancer.