In the AD brain, microglial cells, activated by Aβ plaque accumulation and dying neurons, tend to adopt a detrimental “classically-activated” phenotype (Mandrekar-Colucci and Landreth 2010; Miao et al. 2023), releasing inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (Smith et al. 2012) and TNFSF10 (Huang et al. 2005). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.