Nevertheless, the CP-PLGA NPs were shown to be capable of being selectively taken up by fibrotic MRC-5 cells, were well-tolerated by them, and induced a marked reduction in markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, β-catenin, and gal-3 in vitro, as well as statistically significant reductions in the expression of COL1A1, gal-3 and fibronectin in vivo in a murine bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, COL1A1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.