In contrast to the status with exogenous enzymic antioxidants, considerable evidence exists supporting the promise of numerous non-enzymic antioxidant entities in improving bone healing outcomes associated with T2DM, in line with the findings of the considerable randomised controlled trials (RCTs) performed to establish the therapeutic effects of systemic antioxidant supplementation in improving insulin sensitivity, promoting glycaemic control and alleviating complications in T2DM patients, through improvements in oxidant/antioxidant status (203–205). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.