TGFB1 and cancer: Growing evidence suggests that itraconazole not only suppresses cancer via the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway (Chen et al., 2018), but also exerts antitumor effects on various cancer cells (endometrial cancer and gastric cancer)via Hh signaling pathway (Hu et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2010).