Further, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) contributes to isoproterenol-induced cardiac inflammation and injuries via the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR)-cAMP-PKA-ROS signaling axis in cardiomyocytes and the β2-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS axis in macrophages (Qian et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene ADRB1 and inflammatory response.