TLR4 and erectile dysfunction: Previous studies indicated that the MCP-induced Gal-3 inhibition exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animal models analyzing erectile dysfunction (Wang et al., 2024), cerebral-ischemia reperfusion injury (Cui et al., 2022), and myocardial fibrosis (Xu et al., 2020) via the downregulation TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.