PTEN is involved in tumor progress by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and its reduction or loss of expression caused by methylation, mutation or deletion is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors (52). Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.