CD44 and neoplasm: Specifically, we identified the following CSIRGs: for T cells, CD44, ISG20, and MIF; for B cells, ISG20 and PTGS2; for fibroblasts, PTGS2, HMOX1, ABL2, and FOXO3; and for tumor cells, CD44, ISG20, ABL2, MIF, and TNIP2. These hub genes, including MIF, PTGS2, ISG20, HMOX1, ABL2, LTBR, TNIP2, CD44, and FOXO3, will be the focus of our subsequent analyses.