Numerous studies reported protein exosomes as potential biomarkers, such as high levels of exosomal S100A4 in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, overexpression of exosomal FMNL2 in CRC that induces CRC angiogenesis and metastasis (Zhong et al. 2024), overexpressed exosomal heat shock protein DNAJB8 in oxaliplatin-resistant SW-480 and SW-620 colon cancer cell lines (Wang et al. 2022), and exosomal p-Stat3 in RKO cells of colon cancer resistant to 5-FU (Kotelevets and Chastre 2023). The gene discussed is S100A4; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.