CD4 and neoplasm: In addition to the elevated CD4:CD8 T cell ratio in ME patients (Supplementary Fig. 9a, p value < 0.05), ME tumours showed higher proportions of Treg, activated Treg, and gamma-delta (gd) T cells, while AE tumours had higher proportions of T follicular helper (fh), naïve CD4 cells and CD8 effector memory (EM) cells (Fig. 3b).