As an illustration, elevated activity of β-catenin prominently leads to proliferation, self-renewal and in vivo hepatocarcinogenesis of CSCs in HCC.301–303 In transgenic mice models, activation of Wnt/ β-catenin was found to induce HCC formation when cooperated with other-oncogenic signaling such as activated c-Met,304–306 K-Ras,307 Akt,308 LKB1,309 and Nrf2310. This evidence concerns the gene STK11 and hepatocellular carcinoma.