CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Recently, the strategy also showed significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early stage HCC.10 Similarly, in November 2022, FDA approved the combination of durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and tremelimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 (the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) antibody, which demonstrated remarkable therapeutic outcome in the HIMALAYA trial, achieving a 4-year OS rate of 25.2% for advanced HCC patients.