NR1H4 and neoplasm: Moreover, aberrations in gut microbial-derived metabolite signaling pathways, including toll-like receptor (TLR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, have been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis.562–564 Gut microbiota also serve a role in regulating hepatic NKT cells and anti-tumor immunity, affecting both primary and metastatic liver tumors.565–567 Gut microbiota profiles holds promise as non-invasive biomarkers to predict treatment response and guiding therapeutic interventions in HCC patients.568