There is limited data evaluating the utility of these various immune molecules, or indeed the numerous emerging AKI biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR), in the prediction of MAKI [36, 37]. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury.