GFAP and Cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study of older adults with type 1 diabetes found that a higher plasma GFAP level was associated with worse immediate memory, but no associations were found with other cognitive domains and no differences by cognitive impairment status.36 In the current study, we also did not find an association between baseline GFAP level and global cognition assessed at 8 to 12 years, but we did find that increasing levels of GFAP were associated with worse cognition at 8 to 12 years.