Figure 1 shows that daily administration of 200 mg/kg/day metformin concurrently with 10 mg/kg L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 0.1 mg/kg carbon monoxide releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1), 3 mg/kg sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), or 1 mg/kg rapamycin (RAPA) i.p. for 6 successive days before induction of ischemia and promptly at the onset of reperfusion to rats significantly decreased the serum ALT (Fig. 1A) and AST (Fig. 1B) levels as compared to animals treated similarly with metformin only. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and ischemia.