TNF and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Although data on PFD treatment for neurological disorders is limited, there is evidence from other studies that PFD has demonstrated protective effects against silica-induced lung injury, where it reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in mice (Cao et al., 2022) Additionally, PFD reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in animal models of pulmonary hypertension by suppressing the NOD-like pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (Brunet et al., 2022).