CSF2 and Autoimmunity: Increased BAFF production is likely attributed to enhanced TLR signaling due to cholesterol accumulation in lipid rafts (38) Similarly, the loss of LXR targets, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in dendritic cells promotes cellular cholesterol accumulation and cytokine production through inflammasome activation and increased cell surface expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leading to autoimmunity (87).