IL6 and schizophrenia: Previous studies linking elevated peripheral IL-6 with reduced CT and brain volumes focused on established schizophrenia without considering antipsychotic effects, while our findings, consistent with a UK Biobank Mendelian randomization study (57), suggest that genetically predicted IL-6 levels are associated with reduced brain CT and volumes, particularly in the middle temporal gyrus, although no significant association with cognitive performance was found in our models, consistent with previous meta-analyses (39,40).