We searched all English references published in the PubMed database between January 1, 2015 and March 15, 2024, using search terms (or combinations of these search terms) such as “autoimmune glial fibrous acidic protein astrocytopathy”, “GFAP astrocytopathy”, “GFAP autoimmunity”, “GFAP autoantibody”, “intracranial infection”, “meningitis” and “misdiagnosis”. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is infectious meningitis.