GFAP and multiple sclerosis: It can also present in various diseases such as traumatic brain injury (51), spinal cord injury (52),hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (53),acute ischemic stroke (54),multiple sclerosis (55), etc. Positive GFAP IgG also has been reported in central nervous system vasculitis (56),NMDAR encephalitis (57),and primary central nervous system lymphoma (58).Therefore, in clinical practice, for atypical manifestations or even clinical features that need to be interpreted with caution, it is necessary to actively work up for other potential causes.